Date / Time

Always use timestamptz, never bare timestamp

date4 bytes

Birthdays, calendar dates, anything without a time component.

Range

4713 BC to 5874897 AD

Performance

Half the size of timestamp. Efficient for date-only queries.

Comparison

date vs timestamptz: use date when you only care about the calendar day, not the time. Avoids timezone confusion for pure dates.

SQL Example

CREATE TABLE employees (
  id bigint GENERATED ALWAYS AS IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,
  birth_date date
);